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DONE: Objectives of ORCHIDEE

1DONE: Objectives of ORCHIDEE

As a common tool shared by a large interdisciplinary scientific community, the ORCHIDEE land surface model is aiming to integrate a comprehensive and process-based description of land biophysical, biogeochemical and demographic processes. The purpose of ORCHIDEE is to predict how the land surface responds to changing environmental conditions including unprecedented climate and atmospheric conditions. ORCHIDEE v4.2 has been developed to respond to changes in: (1) atmospheric CO2, (2) weather, i.e., air temperature, radiation, precipitation, air specific humidity, wind, and surface pressure, (3) nitrogen inputs (available from ORCHIDEE v3.0 onwards), and (4) land cover and land use ?Others environmental changes that should be listed? ADD: (5) land management (i.e., irrigation, fertilisation,...). The simulated response variables can be grouped as: (1) energy (among others, surface temperature and albedo) (2) water (among others, evapotranspiration and soil water content) (3) carbon (among others, net biome production and soil carbon), (4) nitrogen (among others, leaching and n2o emissions), and (5) yield (among others, river discharge and wood, grass and crop production) responses.

Ongoing developments aim to extent the applicability of the ORCHIDEE model towards assessing: (1) the impact of the so-called Nature-Based Solutions Griscom et al., 2017Seddon et al., 2020 on the energy budget, the water cycle, and the carbon and nitrogen cycles at the land surface as well as on the Earth’s climate system, and (2) the resilience, i.e., the capacity to return to the reference state or dynamic after a temporary disturbance ES: is this include extreme weather events? or should it be added after temporary extreme weather events Grimm & Wissel, 1997, of terrestrial ecosystems to ongoing and future climate change, and (3) the impact of land management on the energy budget, the water cycle, and the carbon and nitrogen cycles at the land surface Bellassen et al., 2010 as well as on the Earth’s climate system Naudts et al., 2016Luyssaert et al., 2018.

References
  1. Griscom, B. W., Adams, J., Ellis, P. W., Houghton, R. A., Lomax, G., Miteva, D. A., Schlesinger, W. H., Shoch, D., Siikamäki, J. V., Smith, P., & others. (2017). Natural climate solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(44), 11645–11650.
  2. Seddon, N., Chausson, A., Berry, P., Girardin, C. A., Smith, A., & Turner, B. (2020). Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375(1794), 20190120.
  3. Grimm, V., & Wissel, C. (1997). Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: an inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. Oecologia, 109, 323–334.
  4. Bellassen, V., Le Maire, G., Dhôte, J.-F., Ciais, P., & Viovy, N. (2010). Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model—Part 1: Model structure and general behaviour. Ecological Modelling, 221(20), 2458–2474.
  5. Naudts, K., Chen, Y., McGrath, M. J., Ryder, J., Valade, A., Otto, J., & Luyssaert, S. (2016). Europe’s forest management did not mitigate climate warming. Science, 351(6273), 597–600.
  6. Luyssaert, S., Marie, G., Valade, A., Chen, Y.-Y., Njakou Djomo, S., Ryder, J., Otto, J., Naudts, K., Lansø, A. S., Ghattas, J., & others. (2018). Trade-offs in using European forests to meet climate objectives. Nature, 562(7726), 259–262.
ORCHIDEE v4.2 Technical Documentation
ORCHIDEE v4.2 Technical Documentation
ORCHIDEE v4.2 Technical Documentation
Done Structural Assumptions